Entry 4_Nguyễn Tường Vi

 Item 1: http://criticsandbuilders.typepad.com/amlitblog/2011/09/there-are-somethings-you-cant-buy-for-everything-else-there-is-mastercard.html

                     

"There are somethings you can't buy, for everything else there is MasterCard."

Structure:
  
                        You can bye something with either money or Mastercard.
                        There are something money can't buy.
                       ----------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Therefore, you must buy those thing with a Mastercard


~> Content fallacy: False dilemma. 
             This ads provide us just 2 choices when purchasing something: Money or Mastercard. As an advertising strategy, it leaves out other options with a lot of credit card company that existing today




Item 2: http://hoibi.net/truyen-cuoi/3510-suy-dien-logic-dieu-toa.htm


Ông chồng và bà vợ đang tranh luận về việc nấu nướng. Bà vợ cho rằng nấu khoai tây thì mỗi nồi chỉ nên cho một muỗng muối trong khi ông chồng cho rằng hai muỗng thì ngon hơn. Ông chồng nhẹ nhàng:Cười

- Tôi nghĩ, trong chuyện này mình không hẳn đúng đâu.
- Cái gì? Tôi không đúng? Ông nói thế là ý gì hả? Ông định nói rằng tôi không đúng. Ông định nói là tôi hoàn toàn sai chứ gì? Tôi sai nghĩa là tôi đã nói dối phải không! Tôi nói dối thì có nghĩa là tôi ăn nói không như một con người. Ông định nói là tôi sủa bậy như con cún phải không? Ối mẹ ơi, chồng con nó kêu con là chó. Mẹ ơi!

Analysis:

The wife’ inference follows this:

If the husband says that she is incorrect.

=>(Hidden premise:  If she is incorrect, she totally wrongs)

Then she totally wrongs.

=>(If she totally wrong, it means she lies)

Then she lies

=>(If she lies, she is not speaking like human)

Then she is not speaking like human.

=>(The person not speaking like human, she barks like a puppy)

Then she barks as a puppy

=>(Puppy is dog, so her husband calls her a dog)

Then her husband calls her a dog.

#The structure of the wife argument is:

All the incorrect saying is barked by a dog.

She is incorrect.

--------------------------------------------

 Therefore, she likes a dog.

In this story, the wife makes a “slippery slope”. She base on the false premises and insufficient premises to infer her husband saying to absolute different meaning

Item 3: http://www.mandm.org.nz/2011/03/fallacy-friday-ad-misericordiam-appeal-to-pity.html

Analysis: Inductive reasoning. 

              Mrs. L.T is an widow and in ill health.

              They draft from age 18 to 26 

              She would lose 4 sons and a daughter.

            -----------------------------------------------------------

                She could not take that.

-> Appeal to pity.

   Mrs. L.T has simply pointed out she is against the draft, she is a widow in poor health and if all her children were drafted, sent to a war and killed, she could not cope. Because decent humans are empathetic when we read a letter like this, we feel pity for the women and sympathise with her. This sympathy is then mistakenly transfers to what she had sad so we accept her conclusion. Despite the fact that no real reason for accepting  it was offered.

Item 4: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z52oul2JP9k 

Analysis: This argument is valid but not sound. 

1. CONTENT FALLACY:

1  Fallacy of relevance (weak analogy):

“Ớt nào mà ớt chẳng cay

Gái nào mà gái chẳng hay ghen chồng

 Ghen chồng là bởi thương chồng

Ớt cay, canh ngọt, đượm nồng bên nhau”

~~> Although it is undeniable that chili is always spicy and women are usually jealous wives, mentioning those facts together does not prove anything. Actually, there is not a single relationship between chili and women.

  Fallacy of necessary and sufficient of conditions:

The argument:

Well-cooked dishes make a family happy

Using MAGGI will enable to make tasty dishes

_________________________________________

Therefore, the family will be happy.

In term of structure, the argument is valid. However, the 1^st premise is not very persuasive. Actually, a wife with good cooking skills is just a necessary condition, not a sufficient one, to make a happy family.