Argument structures and fallacies
Item1:
à Structure fallacies:
1. Penguins are black and white ( S are P)
2. Old TV shows are black and white(Q are P)
.......................................................
3. Therefore, Penguins are old TV shows(therefore, S are Q)
Analyze: As you see, the conclusion is completely wrong because there is structure fallacy used although premises are right.
à valid argument:
2. A is S
3. therefore, A is P
Item 2:
à Fallacies of
presumption ( false dilemma):: In here,
there are only 2 choices between corn dog and die. It means that if you don’t
eat corn dog, you will die. As you can see, in fact there are many food for us
to eat to live, not just only corn dog.
Item 3:
“Bây giờ dân pê đê nhiều lắm.
Cứ nhìn mấy thằng ẻo lả, mặt giống con gái là biết ngay. Nhỡ mà để bọn ấy nó
thích mình rồi nó bám theo thì ... tiêu”.
è
Fallacies of presumption ( hasty generalization)
1. Bây giờ
dân pê đê nhiều lắm
2. Mấy
thằng con trai ẻo lả , mặt giống con gái
……………………………………………………..
3. Bọn
chúng là pê đê.
1. Bọn
pê đê mà thích mình
2. Nó bám
theo mình
………………………………………………..
3. Thì mình
tiêu
Analyze: In this sentence, the speaker violated 2 hasty
generalizations I pointed out. Although the
speaker just saw some guy look like “ẻo lả” “mặt giống con gái”, he concluded
they are gay. He generalized a small guy “ẻo lả” “mặt giống con gái” into a
large group of gay. In my opinion, to conclude a person is gay, we have to
research many factors such as: life style, heterosexual, character….In here, he has lack premises and used false premise which hasn’t been proved (bây giờ nhiều dân pê đê nhiều lắm).
The second hasty generalization is similar to the first one.
Sources: Item1:http://memegenerator.net/instance/15641111
Item 2:http://www.flickr.com/photos/amayabella/3928444011/
Item 3:http://vn.360plus.yahoo.com/gayblogonline/article?mid=160&fid=-1
in your item 3, I think it should be bê đê thì hay ẻo lả, mấy thằng kia ẻo lả => chúng là BD
ReplyDeletein item 1, the structure you mentioned is right (S=P,P=Q=> S=P) however, if penguine is S, black and white is P, Q is old TV, then P may contain S,Q and another kind. In another word, S< P, Q<P. As a result, we can not conclude S=P
ReplyDeleteIn item 3, from my viewpoint, the argument error here is not hasty generalization. Hasty generalization is that when a very small sample A is taken from population B, Generalization C is made about population B ased on sample A. "“ẻo lả” “mặt giống con gái” are menifestation not the sample. I think the argument error is lacking premises then fail to establish the conclusion
ReplyDelete